Deterrence

Definition

Deterrence is a strategic doctrine aimed at preventing adversary aggression by maintaining credible threat of unacceptable retaliation. Nuclear deterrence, the most consequential form, relies on the concept of mutually assured destruction (MAD), where any nuclear first strike would be met with a devastating retaliatory response. Conventional deterrence involves maintaining sufficient military capabilities to make the cost of aggression exceed potential gains. Effective deterrence requires capability (the means to retaliate), credibility (the perceived willingness to act), and communication (clear signaling of intent). Deterrence failures can lead to miscalculation and conflict escalation.