Treaty

Definition

A treaty is a formal, legally binding agreement between sovereign states or international organizations, governed by international law. Treaties can address a wide range of issues including peace settlements, territorial boundaries, trade arrangements, arms control, human rights, and environmental protection. The process typically involves negotiation, signature, ratification, and entry into force. Treaties may be bilateral (between two parties) or multilateral (among many). Key principles include pacta sunt servanda (agreements must be kept) and the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties (1969). Withdrawal from treaties can have significant geopolitical consequences, as seen with the US withdrawal from the INF Treaty and the Iran nuclear deal.